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附录一 What I Believe102（第2页）

&zoncesaid，“Eachbodyfeelsallthatpassesintheuhewhoseesallmayreadiwhichpasseseverywhereelse，awhichhasbeenandshallbe，disthepresentthatwhichisremovedintimeasace。”Wedoeverythingisthere，reatotheinfinite。Amaniswhatheeats，andtheworkoftheDakotafarmer，theiafruitgrower，andamillionotherfoodproviderslivesinhim。Amaniswhathethinks，andeveryonewhohasinfluencedhim—fromSocrates，Plato，andfutohisparishpreadhisnurserygoverness—livesinhim。Amanisalsowhatheenjoys，andtheworkofsaainers，livingdead，renownedornameless，sublimear，livesinhim。Andsoonadinfinitu。

FourteeuriesagoamanwroteanessayoibilityoftheSoul”whisideredsiousthathisEmperreatscholarstorefuteitanditwasrefuted。But500yearslaterahistorianrecordedasummaryofthissacrilegiousessayiory。Andanother900yearspassed。Thenalittleboyof11thisbriefsummaryof35words，andthese35words，afterbeingburiedfor1，400years，suddenlybecamealiveandarelivinginhimandthroughhimihousandsofmenandwomen。

IomyAlmaMateranEurerwhogaveaheimpossibilityoffoundingarepublia。Hislecturestruasquiteabsurd，butIwasamusedbyhispeculiarpronunofthevowelo，andIsatthereimitatingitformyow。Hisspeegbeesomehowhispronunofthevowelohasstuckbymealltheseyearsandisprobablyongueofhundredsofmystudentswithoutanyawarethatitisir。J。O。P。Bland。AndMr。Bla。

&y-fiveturiesagotherediedabeggariheHimalayaMountains。Hisbodyosingbytheroadside。Therecameayoungprincewhosawthehsdwassettothiovertheimpermanenceoflifeahingelse，aoleavehisfamilyandgotothewilderhinkoutawayforhisownsalvationandthatofmaerheemergedfromthewildernessasBuddhatheEnlightenedOneandproclaimedtotheworldthewayhehadfoundforitssalvatiohedepositionofthedeadbodyofabeggarhasunwittinglytributeditsparttothefoundihegreatestreligionsoftheworld。

ThislineledmetowhatmaybecalledthereligionofSocialImmortality，becauseitisessentiallybasedoheindividualself，whichistheproductoftheaccumulatedeffectofthesocialself，leavesanindeliblemarkitisahihatlargerselfwhichmaybetermedSoanity，。Theindividualmaydie，buthelivesoniSelfwhichisimmortal。Allhisvirtueaandsin，allhisadthoughtandspeeifitortrivial，right，foodorforevil—everythiheeffectitprodutheGreatSelf。ThisGreatSelflivesforeverastheeverlastiimoriumphsahenumberlessindividualselves。

ThisofSocialImmortalityismoresatisfatheaesedoeoftheThreeImmortalitiesinthatitihelowlyandtheinsignifitaswellastheheroesandsages，viceaswellasvirtue，crimeaswellasmeritoriousserviditisthisreoftheimmortalityofevilaswellasofgoodthatstitutesthemoralsanofthedoe。Thedecayofadeadbodymayfion，butitmayalsoplagueawholet。AceremarkofabarmaidmayleadtothesuddeofaZenmonk，butawrongtheoryofpoliticalorsostruayturiesofbloodshed。Thedisicroscopicbacillusmaybemillioatinysputumfromaptivemaykillmultitudesaions。

Trulytheevilthatmehem!Itistheclearreoftheductthatstitutesoursenseofmoralresponsibility。TheindividualselfowesatremehegreaterSocialSelf，anditishisdutytoholdhimselfrespofhedoesorthinksoris。Humanityiswhatitisbythewisdomandfollyofourfathers，butweshallbejudgedbywhathumanityeshallhaveplayedourpart。Shallwesay，“Afterus，thedeluge”?Orshallwesay，“Afterus，themillennium”?

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In1923Ihadanotheroulatemyeneralway。Anarti“SdOurPhilosophyofLife”bythegeologistMr。V。K。Ting，publishedinaereditedbymyself，hadstartedalongtroversywhichlastedalmostaracticallyeverythinkerofanystandinginahadtakenpartihetroversialliteraturewascolleeenterprisingpublisherattheendof1923，itamouoover250，000words。Iwasaskedtowriteanintrodutothisyintroductoryessayaddedanother10，000wordstothisalreadyvolumiionandcludedosedas“aframehilosophyoftheuniverseaowhich，however，someofthehostilemissionarieshavemischievouslygiventhenameof“HuShih’sNewDecalogue。”Inowtraforwhatitisworth:

1。Onthebasiseofastronomyandphysics，weshheworldofspafinitelylarge

2。Onthebasisidpaleontologiowledge，weshheueetime

3。Onthebasisofallourverifiablestifiowledgeweshheuniverseahinginitfollownaturallawsofmovementaural”intheesesenseof“beingsoofthemselves”—andthatthereisheceptofasupernaturalRulerorCreator。

4。Onthebasisofthebiologices，wesherrificwaste-fulnessandbrutalityiruggleforexistehebiologicalworld，aheuyofthehypothesisofabeRuler。

5。Onthebasisofthebiological，physiologidpsychologices，weshmanisonlyoheanimalkingdomaheotherspelyiinkind。

6。Onthebasisoftheknowledgederivedfry，sociology，andthebiologices，weshoulduhehistoryaheevolu-tionoflivinganismsandofhumay。

7。Onthebasisofthebiologidpsychologices，weshallpsychologienaareexplaihroughthela>

8。Onthebasisofbiologidhistoriowledge，weshmoralityandreligiotodthatthecausesofsugebestificallystudied

9。Onthebasisofeofphysidchemistry，weshterisfullofmotionandnotstatic。

10。Onthebasisofbiological，sociologidhistoriowledge，weshheindividualselfissubjecttodeathathesumtotalofindividualat，forbetterorforworse，livesoalityerSelf;thattoliveforthesakeofthespedposterityisreligiokind;andthatthionswhichseekafuturelifeeitherihePureLand，areselfishreligions

“Thisnewcredo，

Icluded，

“isahypothesisfouhegenerallyacceptedstifiowledgeofthelasttwoorthreehuoavoidunnecessarytroversy，Iproposetoot‘astifierely‘theNaturalistiofLifeandtheUniverse。’

“Inthisnaturalistiiverse，inthisuniverseofinfiime，mawo-handedanimalwhhtisaboutfivefeetandahalfandwhoseagerarelyexceedsahundredyears，isindeedamereinfinitesimalmithisnaturalistiiverse，whereeverymotionintheheavenshasitsregulardeverygefollowslawsofnature，wherecausalitygovernsmahestruggleforexistencespurshisactivities—insuiversemalefreedomindeed。

&inyanimaloftwohandshashisproperpladworthinthatworldofiude。Makinggooduseofhishandsandalargebraiuallysumakiools，thinkingoutwaysandmeans，ainghisowncivilizatiooedthewildanimals，buthehasalsostudiedanddiscoveredasiderablehesedlawsofnaturebymeansofwhichhehasbeasterofthenaturalfordisnelectricitytodrivehiscarriageaodeliverhismessage。

“Theincreaseofhiskendedhispower，butithasalsowidenedhisvisioedhisimaginatioimeswhenheworshipedstonesandanimalsandwasafraidofthegodsandghosts。Butheisnowmovingawayfromthesechildishhabits，andisslowlyiioyofspahanceshisaestheticappreoftheuheihofgeologidareoteruheterrifichardshiphisforefathershadtoenbuildingupthishumaaheregularityofthemovementsaheheavensahonlyfurhekeytohisdomiure。

&heabsoluteuyofthelawofcausalitydoesnotnecessarilylimithisfreedom，becausethelawofcausalitynotooexplaiahefuture，butalseshimtousehisioewdattais。Evethestruggleforexistenecessarilymakehimahardehetrary，itmayintensifyhissympathyforhisfellowmen，makehimbelievemorefirmlyiyofcooperation，andportansaheonlymeahebrutalityandwastefulhenaturalstruggles。Inshort，thisnaturalistioftheuniverseanecessarilydevoidofbeauty，ofpoetry，ofmoralresponsibility，aopportunityfortheexerciseofthecreativeintelligenan。”

[1]本文收录胡适于1931年1、2月份在美国的Forum杂志上连载两期的英文自述。“WhatIBelieve”为Forum杂志的一个专题，爱因斯坦、罗素、杜威等都曾为该专题撰稿。胡适的这篇自述原名应为“MydItsEvolution”，据胡适日记记载成文于1930年3月4日，发表时改为“WhatIBelieve”。本文内容大多与1933年出版的《四十自述》相同或相通，可谓《四十自述》写作的蓝本，故附于此。