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参考文献（第2页）

[34]。ThetermtimefettiularizedbyBrigidSOverwhelmed:HowtoWork，Love，andPlayWheheTime（NewYork:Picador，2014）。SeealsoS。E。Lindley，“MakingTime，”inProgsofthe18thAferenputerSupportedCooperativeWorkandSoputing（ACM，February2015）:1442-1452。

[35]。J。M。Hudson，J。sen，W。A。Kellogg，andT。Eri，“I’dBeOverwhelmed，butIt’sJusttoDo:AvailabilityaioninResearagement，”inProgsoftheSIGferenanFaputingSystems，eds。R。Grial。（NewYork:AssoputingMaery，2006），97-104;B。O’dD。Frohlich，“TimespatheWorkplagwithIions，”inpaniononHumanFaputingSystems，ed。t（NewYork:AssoputingMaery，1994）。

[36]。Timepovertyispartbyhowwellactivitiesfittogetherinourminds。Whewearetryingtopletetwogactivities（e。g。，takingcareofourkidandgworkemail），theseggoalscreasefeelingsoftimestress。J。Etkin，I。Evangelidis，andJ。Aaker，“PressedfoalflictShapesHowTimeIsPerceived，Spent，andValued，”JournalResearo。3（2015）:394-406。Itiswthatsomereseardsthatiions，suercialbreaks，inentofhedonicessuchaswatyTVshows。SeeL。D。NelsonandT。Meyvis，“Iedption:AdaptatioionofHedonialResearo。6（2008）:654-664;andL。D。。Meyvis，andJ。Galak，“EnhaelevisionViewihrougherterruptions，”JournaloferResearo。2（2009）:160-172。However，thesestudiestypivolvepassiveiionsthatdoiveattention（i。e。，ercialbreaks）anddonotremindusoftheproductivitycostsofengagileisureactivity（i。e。，watgTV）。

[37]。ThisfactisderivedfromasurveyAmerisrecruitedthroughaprivategfirm。DavidKelleher，“Survey:81%ofUSEmployeesCheckTheirWorkMailOutsideWorkHours，”TechTalk，May20，2013，https:techtalk。gfi。survey-81-of-u-s-employees-check-their-work-mail-outside-work-hours。

[38]。Multitaskingisstressfulbecauseitcreates“attentioakestimetoreshiftingourmindsawayfromthepresent，toay，andbacktothepresent。S。Leroy，“WhyIsItSoHardtoDoMyWork?ThegeofAttentionResidueWhenSwitgBetweenWorkTasks，”anizationalBehaviorandHumanDeProcesses109，no。2（2009）:168-181。Experieentioaskswitgdepeasksweareswitgbetweenahinkaboutthem。S。LeroyandA。M。Schmidt，“TheEffectulatoryFoAttentionResidueandPerformangIianizationalBehaviorandHumanDeProcesses137（2016）:218-235。

[39]。G。o，S。A。MalkodS。M。Nowlis，“Whenaer:FutureBoundaryTasksAlterptionbygTime，”JournaloferResearo。5（2019）:1085-1102。

[40]。E。W。Dunn，A。V。Whillans，M。I。Norton，andL。B。Aknin，“ProsodingandBuyingTime:MooolfWell-Being，”AdvaalSocialPsychology61（2020）:67-126。

[41]。G。E。Do。Zheng，E。Haisley，andM。I。NortoandSourillioh（Moderately）PredictsTheirHappiyandSocialPsychologyBulletin44，no。5（2018）:684-699。

[42]。K。Kushlev，E。W。Dunn，andR。E。Lucas，“HigherIneIsAssociatedwithLessDailySadNotMoreDailyHappiness，”SocialPsychologidPersonalitySo。5（2015）:483-489;andN。W。Hudson，R。E。Lucas，M。B。Donnellan，andK。Kushlev，“IneReliablyPredictsDailySadNotHappiioensionofKushlev，Dunn，&Lucas（2015），”SocialPsychologidPersonalitySo。8（2016）:828-836。

[43]。A。T。Jebb，L。Tay，E。Diener，andS。Oishi，“Happiness，IiPointsaroundtheWorld，”NatureHumanBehaviour2，no。1（2018）:33。

[44]。J。W。Zhang，R。T。Howell，andC。J。Howell，“LivihyNeighborhoodsIerialDesiresandMaladaptiveption，”JournaloferCulture16，no。1（2016）:297-316;andH。Kim，M。J。，A。I。Ghehiu，andW。J。Matthearison，PersoiveDeprivation，andMaterialism，”BritishJournalofSocialPsychology56，no。2（2017）:373-392。

[45]。P。M。Ruberton，J。Gladstone，andS。Lyubomirsky，“HowYourBankBalanceBuysHappianceof‘Hand’toLifeSatisfaotion16，no。5（2016）:575。

[46]。L。B。Aknin，M。I。Norton，andE。W。Dunn，“FromWealthtoWell-Beiers，butLessThahink，”JournalofPositivePsychology4，no。6（2009）:523-527。

[47]。D。Kahneman，A。B。Krueger，D。S。SdA。A。Stone，“WouldYouBeHappierIfYouWereRicher?AFogIllusion，”So。5782（2006）:1908-1910。

[48]。HamermesharessedOutonFourts:TimechorYuppieKvetch?”

[49]。S。E。DeVoeaimeIsTight:HowHigherEieIncreasesFeelingsofTimePressure，”JournalofAppliedPsychology96，no。4（2011）:665。

[50]。Ibid。

[51]。A。Furnham，M。Bond，P。Heaven，D。Hilton，T。Lobel，J。Masters，andH。VanDaalen，“AparisoWorkEthicBeliefsiions，”JournalofSocialPsychology133，no。2（1993）:185-197。InlightProtestahicbeliefsiedStates（historidpresent-day），iedStatesbusynessisseenasastatussymbol。Forexample，peoplewhoaheyareverybusyaregrantedhighersodiedStatesandareseehieraantthanpeoplewhoaheyhavealotofleisuretimeavailable。SeeBellezzaetal。，“ptionofTime:WhenBusynessandLackofLeisureTimeBeeaStatusSymbol。”ThiseffectholdsoedStatesandnotinEurope。

[52]。J。D。HurandL。F。Nren，“PayingforPerformanaivesIncreaseDesirefortheRewardObjealofPersonalityandSocialPsychology111，no。3（2016）:301。

[53]。I。Dar-Nimrod，，D。R。Lehman，andB。Schwartz，“TheMaximizationParadox:TheCostsofSeekiives，”PersonalityandIndividualDiffereno。495-6（2009）:631-635;andS。I。Rick，C。E。dG。Loeweightendthrifts，”JournaloferResearo。6（2008）:767-782。

[54]。Wparentswithyouimestressed:H。Buddelmeyer，D。S。Hamermesh，andM。WooderessCostofsandDads，”EuropeanEicReview109（2018）:148-161;L。dJ。E。Brown，“FeelingRushed:GeimeQuality，WorkHours，NonstandardWorkSchedules，andSpousalCrossover，”JournaleandFamily79，no。1（2017）:225-242。Evenbusyorttheywouldratherhavemoremohaime:A。V。Whillans，A。，andE。W。Dunn，“ValuingTimeoverMoneyIsAssociatediness，”SocialPsychologidPersonalitySo。3（2016）:213-222，study4。

[55]。A。V。Whillans，E。W。Dus，R。Bekkers，andM。I。Norton，“BuyiesHappiness，”ProgsoftheNationalAcademyofSo。32（2017）:8523-8527，study9。

[56]。Data:OpenSeUseandHappinessofMillionaires，”June16，2016，https:osf。iovndmt。SeealsoP。Smeets，A。Whillans，R。Bekkers，andM。I。Norton，“TimeUseandHappinessofMillionaires:Evideheherlands，”SocialPsychologidPersonalitySo。3。（2020）:295-307。

[57]。D。SomaalAgofSus:WhyTimeIsNotLikeMoney，”JournalofBehavioralDeaking14，no。3（2001）:169-185。

[58]。DerekThompson，astaffwriterforTheAtlantic，providedthisquotationinaFebruary2019artiIsMakingAmerisMiserable，”https:。theatlantiideasarchive2ion-workism-making-ameris-miserable583441。

[59]。J。M。HorowitzandN。Graf，“MostU。S。TeeyandDepressionasaMajorProblemAmongTheirPeers，”PewResearter，February20，2019，https:s20190220most-u-s-teey-and-depression-as-a-major-problem-among-their-peers。

[60]。Forareview，seeA。Keinan，S。Bellezza，andN。Paharia，“TheSymbolie，”tOpinioninPsychology26（2019）:58-61。

[61]。F。Solt，“TheStandardizedWorldIyDatabase，”SoceQuarterly97，no。5（2016）:1267-1281。

[62]。P。K。Piff，M。W。Kraus，aner，“UnpagtheIyParadox:ThePsychologicalRootsofIyandSocialClass，”AdvaalSocialPsychology57（2018）:53-124。

[63]。Whillaal。，“ValuingTimeoverMosHappieraMajorLifeTransitiisteredLongitudinalStudyStudents。”

[64]。A。Whillans，“ExgtsforSeds:TheHappisofeoverMooraldissertatioyofBritishbia，2017），study5，se2。9。

[65]。J。C。Lee，D。L。Hall，andW。Wood，“ExperientialorMaterialPurchases?SocialClassDeterminesPurchaseHappiness，”Psychologio。7（2018）:1031-1039;andA。Whillans，A。Lee-Yoon，andE。W。DuUndermineserWillioBuyTime”（er，HarvardBusinessSo。18-057，January2018，revisedJanuary2020），study2。

[66]。L。Park，Y。HunJung，J。Shultz-lee，D。iff，andA。V。sychologicalPathwaysLinkingIyioWell-BeinginAdulthpaper）。

[67]。Bellezzaetal。，“ptionofTime:WhenBusynessandLackofLeisureTimeBeeaStatusSymbol”;C。K。Hsee，A。X。Yang，andL。Wang，“IdlenessAversionandtheNeedforJustifiableBusyness，”Psychologio。7（2010），926-930;andC。K。Hsee，J。Zhang，C。F。dS。Zhang，“，”Psychologio。6（2013）:852-859。Forareview，seeA。X。YangandC。K。Hsee，“IdlenessVersusBusyness，”tOpinioninPsychology26（2019）:15-18。

[68]。Bellezzaetal。，“ptionofTime:WhenBusynessandLackofLeisureTimeBeeaStatusSymbol。”

[69]。T。D。Wilson，D。A。Reigate，D。T。Gilbert，N。Ellerbeck，，andA。Shaked，“JustThink:ThegesoftheDisengagedMind，”So。6192（2014）:75-77。

[70]。N。leWouldRatherBeElectricallyShoLeftAloheirThoughts，”Sce，July3，2014，https:。scemag。news201407people-would-rather-be-electrically-shocked-left-alhts。